introduction to microscope

introduction to microscope
2. STUDY OF MICROSCOPE

AIM: To study the Various Parts of Microscope.

DEFINATION: Microscope is an instrument use to magnify the image of the given object to several times of its original size.

TYPES OF MICROSCOPE:
1) Compound microscope
2) Fluorescence microscope
3) Electron microscope

PARTS OF MICROSCOPE
1) BASE: The bases of the microscope support it on working table and provide it maximum stability.
2) PILLARS: Two separate pillars projects up from the base and the handle of the microscope is hinge of the pillars.
3) HANDLE: The handle is curve and the microscope can be tilt when desire.
4) BODY TUBE: It is a vertical table and can be raised or lowered by a rack and attached to the handle “PINON” arrangement.
5) COARSE AND FINE ADJUSTMENT SCREWS:There are 2 coarse and fine screws mount at the top of the handle by the double sided micrometer.

MECHANISM: One pair (one coarse and fine) on either side if one coarse screw or fine screw is rotated it’s member on the other side also rotated it is not sensible to use both the hand, coarse and fine adjustment screw. The right hand is used for manipulating stage as described below.
6) FIXED STAGE: The fixed stage or platform is a square platform with an aperture in its centre on which slide or counter chamber is placed. The curve ring of the light passes through the aperture and directed into the object lens.
7) MECHANICAL STAGE: It is a calibrated metal frame fitted on the fixed stage. There is a spring mounted clip to hold the slide in position and 2screws for moving the slide forward or backward or from side to side.
8) NOSE PIECES: The fixed nose piece is fitted to the lower end of the body tube and revolving nose piece mounted under it. The objective lens of different magnification power attached which can be rotated into a position according to require.

9)OBJECTIVE LENS: 3 Spring loaded objective lens fitted into the revolving nose piece are usually provided with student microscope a slide pressure on the lens when it touches light push it into the body. Thus prevent damage to the slide or lens. The objectives are
a) LOW POWER OBJECTIVE (10X): This lens magnify the image 10 times and compared to the other lens. It provides maximum field of view then high power.All the objective under its study under low light requires less light than power.
b) HIGH POWER OBJECTIVE (45X): This lens magnify the image 40-50 times its field of view is reduced to the magnification is increased. The study under high power requires high light where as low power requires.
C) OIL IMMERSION OBJECTS (100X): This lens magnify the image 100 times. The field of its view further cut down then the high power. Here the objective is brought very close to the slide.
10) EYE PIECE: The Eye piece fix to the top of body tube. The skin be removed for cleaning. The function is to magnify the image from the objective lens depending upon the magnify power there are many types of lenses available eg: 5X , 10X, 15 X etc….
11) ILLUMINATIONCOMPONENT: It is a part found below the stage and is divided into 3.
They are 1) Mirror, 2) Iris Diaphragm, 3) Condenser
MIRROR: A mirror is fitted below the condenser, its purpose being to reflect the light into the condenser. It does not condense light but only reflect it. It can be rotated an angle in any direction to collect maximum amount of light. The Mirror has 2 surfaces plane and concave.
The mirror has 2 surfaces. Mirror is used to reflect parallel rays. The concave mirror is used to reflect the artificial rays or light when compared to natural light is dull. For eg : Electric lamps the divergent rays of light are converted into parallel rays. Which are then directed into the condensor.
IRIS DIAPHRAGM: It has got a adjustable central apparture to allow a cone of object. Iris diaphragm is provided to controll the amount of light entering the microscope.
CONDENSER: The condenser is fitted under the fixed stage and can be lowered. The function of the condenser is to convert the parallel rays of the light reflected from the iris diaphragm into a cone or condensed beam or light which passes through the aperture of fixed stage under low power and oil machine should be brought closed to object by means of a screw.
INSTRUCTIONS:
1) Microscope is a valuable instrument it should be handled carefully.
2) Keep the microscope free from dust. Avoid touching of instrumentWith finger.
3) Place the microscope is an upright position at a convenient light.
4) Confirm that the sliding object to be examined.
5) Do not use the high power objectives.
6) Be sure to be clean the microscope.
7) Clean the lenses with with tissue paper or xylon (solution) dippedtissue paper may be used to remove the dust which is not removed can be easily wiped out.