Characteristics of Scientific Research:
• Aim
• Rigor
• Testability
• Replicability
• Precision and Confidence
• Objectivity
• Generalizability
• Parsimony
· Aim:
? The purpose of scientific research is clear
· Rigorous
? Based on good theoretical base and sound methodology
? Careful and scrupulous
· Testability
? Test theoretical model by simulation or experiment
? Analysis of performance parameter against design parameter
o Experiment to test this relationship while other design parameters are fixed can be carried out.
· Replicability:
? The same relationship stands repeatedly under the same design parameters
• Precision and Confidence
? Precision refers to closeness of the findings to reality
? Confidence refers to the probability that our estimations are correct
• Objectivity
? Conclusions drawn from the analysis of data must be objective
? Proven from trend in data
? Supported by theoretical model
• Generalizability
? Scope of applicability
? The wider, the better
• Parsimony
? Simplicity in explaining the phenomena or problem
? Assumptions are critical
? Minimize the dependant variable
Types of Research:
1. Basic Research
2. Applied Research
3. Academic Research
4. Industrial Research
1- Basic Research:
• Also known as pure or fundamental research
• Objective:
o Advancement of knowledge
o Understanding of theoretical relationship between variables
• Exploratory in nature
• Without any practical end in mind
2- Applied Research:
• Solve specific, practical questions
• Can be exploratory, but descriptive
• Involves precise measurement of the characteristics and describes relationships between variables of a studied phenomenon
• Can be carried out by academic or industrial institutions
• Investigation directed “to discovering new scientific knowledge that has specific commercial objectives with respect to products, processes or services
• Examples of question asked in applied research:
- What is the most efficient and effective vaccine against influenza?
3- Academic research:
• carried out in universities and research institutes
• expanding the extant levels of knowledge and technology
• does not have any limits as it does not have any bounds in terms of tangible goals or outputs
4- Industrial Research:
• carried out in commercial organizations
• a goal or a set of outputs that apply to the sector or industry
• focuses on application of knowledge
المادة المعروضة اعلاه هي مدخل الى المحاضرة المرفوعة بواسطة استاذ(ة) المادة . وقد تبدو لك غير متكاملة . حيث يضع استاذ المادة في بعض الاحيان فقط الجزء الاول من المحاضرة من اجل الاطلاع على ما ستقوم بتحميله لاحقا . في نظام التعليم الالكتروني نوفر هذه الخدمة لكي نبقيك على اطلاع حول محتوى الملف الذي ستقوم بتحميله .