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الكلية كلية التمريض
القسم قسم التمريض العام
المرحلة 2
أستاذ المادة افراح حاتم عمران ألبو موسى
7/5/2011 6:13:13 AM
lab:1
general laboratory recommendations & microscope
a-general laboratory recommendations:
for necessary we known that the work in the microbiology laboratories aquired dealing with pathogenic microorganisms and for safety from these microorganisms therefore we must practice all these recommendations
1- hand washing with water & soap or with any antiseptic before & after the work.
2- keep on the general cleanning of laboratory especially the work bench & sterilize it with disinfectant such as alcohol 70%.
3-for keeping of your clothes cleaning wear the laboratory coat.
4- a void the eating ,smoking & prevent yourself from inter your fingers or touch eyes ,nose & mouth.
5-less the motility inside the laboratory & prevent the air from inter the laboratory by close the doors & windows and switch off the fans.
6- prevent putting the pipettes in the mouth before the certain from cleaning & sterilizing.
7-read the steps of any experiment before starting with work.
8-care from the burning because the fundamentals of microbiology laboratory is benson or alcohol light.
9-prevent from put the culture in the lab sink or outside the laboratory but putting it in the autoclave.
10-culturing the microorganisms inside the hood that specific with the microbiology laboratorv .
11-one of the interesting equipments of microbiology lab. is the microscope therefore use it with care and keeping on its cleaning.
b-microscope
b-1 :types of
b-1 :types of microscope:¬
i-bright field microscope.
2-dark field microscope.
3-ultraviolet microscope.
4-fluorescent microscope.
5-phase contrast microscope.
6-electron microscope.
the usual microscope that we using in the microbiology lab. is the bright field microscope and it has two types simple & compound ,the last is used for more than the first.
b-2:conformation of compound microscope :¬
1-ocuar lens (eye piece).
are couble of lenses that lie over the tube ,all of these lenses have magnification power such as the lense that is written on it l0x that magnified the object 10 times of its proper size.
2-body tube: is the stand that carry the ocular lens.
3- revolving nose- piece: is the metal disc that lies under the body tube and carry
the objective lenses, the aim of its use is control on location of objective lense.
4- objective lenses. these lenses have different magnification power and divided to two types:
a- low power objective lenses(l.p): such as the lens that magnified the object 4 times (4x)or the lens that magnified the object 10 times (l0x).
b- high power objective lenses(h.p): these lenses are divided to tow types:
b-l: dry high power objective lenses: this lens have magnification power:40 times.
b-2: oil immersion objective lenses: this lense magnified the body 100 times, care used this lense unless you are using the specific oil of this lense.
5-arm: is the part that the microscope is carried by it , the arm is bind with foot of microscope by joint called inclination joint.
6-stage: is the metal plate located horizontally with the microscope, it has central pore for passing of light through it, the slide is putting on the stage and stabled with clips.
7-coarse adjustment knob: it is moving the body tube to upper & under this led to resolving of picture this tool is used with low power objectives.
8- fine adjustment knob: this knob move the body tube distinct moving, this part use with high power objectives.
9- condenser: this part lie under the pore of stage directly, the moving of it upper & under that help for condensing the light on the slide.
10- foot: is the weight part that the microscope is sit on it and contain the light.
****proper use of microscope:- ****
1- carry the microscope with two hands, the right hand cutch of the arm while the left hand put under the foot.
2- put the microscope with open part (10cm)from the margin of the bench.
3- clean the microscope befor the work and using the lens paper & xylole to clean the lens.
4- at the first use the low power objective lens, then use the high power lense by using the revolving nose piece.
5- the coarse adjustment using with low-power
6- when you need for using the oil immersion power follow these steps: a- limit the field that you want by using the dry high power lense.
b-down the stage to the low by coarse adjustment and put oil dropinging in the limited place.
c-change the revolving nose piece to the oil immersion high power.
d-raise the stage gradually ,and look to observe the cohesion of the oil immersion & the oil.
e-examine the slide with using the fine adjustment (never use the coarse adjustment because that may be led to breaking the slide).
7- after you are finished with the microscope, clean & place it with the low -power objective lens ,lower the tube to its lowest position ,remove the oil from the oil emmersion lens ,cover and return the microscope to its proper stage place.
mgnification :-
magnification power of microscope =magnification power of objective lens x
magnification power of ocular lense .
the ocular lense have magnification power = l0x
while the objective lense have magnification power differ from lense to lense . for example :- the oil immersion have l00x & the ocular r=i0
magnification of rnicroscope =i00xl0 =l000x .
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