University of Babylon
College of Nursing
Adults Nursing Second stage
A.L. Hussam Abbas Dawood
Subject of Lecture : Hypertension Disease
:Introduction Blood pressure is product of cardiac output multiplied by peripheral resistance ,in normal circulation, pressure is exerted by the flow of blood through the heart and blood vessels.
The normal range for blood pressure is 100-140 mmHg for systolic and 60-90 mmHg for diastolic.
Definition
Constant elevation of systolic or diastolic blood pressure greater than 140/90 mmHg.
Type of hypertension:
1-primary hypertension (90-95%)(Essential hypertension)
2-Secodary hypertension (5-10%)
Etiology:
1-Unknow for primary hypertension
. 2-Renal disease
3-Pregnancy
4- smoking
5-Drinking Alcohol
6-Obesity
7-Genetic
8-Diabetes mellitus
9-Hyperlipidemia
10-Age ( older than 55year for male,65year for female)
11-Cushings disease
Clinical Manifestations:
1-Asymptomatic
2-Elevated blood pressure
3-Headache
4-Visual disturbances
5-Left ventricular hypertrophy
6-Renal failure
7-Dizziness
8-Congestive heart failure
9-Cerebral ischemia
Diagnostic test:
1-Blood pressure sustained reading more than 140/90 mmhg
2-ECG:Left ventricular hypertrophy
3-Chest X-ray: Cardiomegaly
4-Blood chemistry :elevated sodium and cholesterol levels
Nursing interventions:
1-Diet:low-sodium,low-caloric,low-cholesterol and low fat.
2-Assess cardiovascular status
3-Monitor and record vital signs
4-Daily weight and maintain a normal weight (Diuretics ,lasix-Antihypertensives,Aldomet)
5-Administer medications as prescribed
6-Reduce stress
7-Exercise regularly
8-Stop smoking ,Alcohol and caffeine
9-Know the action ,side effects and time of medications
10-Maintain a quiet environment
Medical complications:
1-Mayocardial infarction (MI)
2-Congestive heart failure (CHF)
3-Renal failure
4-Cererbrovascular accident (CVA)
5-visual changes
6-Hypertensive crisis
References:
1-Smeltzer,S;.bare,B;.Hinkle,J.andCheever,k;. Brunner and Suddarths Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing , 11edition ,Lippincott Williams&Wilkins awolters kluwer business ,2008,PP.1020-1034.
2-Boyd ,M.andTower,B ;.Medical-surgical Nursing,2 edition, Springhouse Corporation ,1993,PP.14-16.