انت هنا الان : شبكة جامعة بابل > موقع الكلية > نظام التعليم الالكتروني > مشاهدة المحاضرة
الكلية كلية التمريض
القسم قسم التمريض العام
المرحلة 2
أستاذ المادة حسام عباس داود السلطاني
6/25/2011 9:40:41 AM
Eye disorders
Second Stage/Adult Nursing
Assistant lecturer / Hussam Abbas
Eye anatomy:-
Eye consist from :
1-eyelids
2-eyelashes
3-conjectiva
4-sclera
5-cornea
6-pupil
7-iris
8-lens
9-retina
10-aqueous fluid
11-optic disc
12-optic nerve
Diagnostic tests of Eyes
? 1-Ophthalmoscopy
Look into eye-see retina, optic disk, blood vesselsِ-A
? May see changes with eye disorders b-
? C-May see changes with diabetes mellitus
? D-Look into series of refractors-lenses
? E-Client chooses the clearest vision
? 2-Tonometry
? A-Measures eye pressure
B-Pneumotonometer uses puff of air
C-Normal pressure 12-21 mm Hg
? 3-Visual field
? Peripheral vision
Important in some eye diseases
? Snellen eye chart- 4
? Visual acuity
? Normal is 20/20
? Example: 20/30—the person sees at 20 feet what a person with normal vision sees at 30 feet
Assessment
? Eye lid, conjunctiva, sclera 1-
? 2-Any discharge, signs of inflammation or infection
? 3-Visual acuity
? 4-Current and past medical history eyes
? 5-Dry, red, edema
? Causes of eye problems
? 1-Diabetes mellitus
? 2-Neurological damage
? 3-Hypertension
? 4-Eye injury
? 5-Family history
? 6-Corticosteroid use
? 7-Occupation
? Conjunctivitis
? Inflammation of conjunctiva from bacteria, virus, allergen, irritant
? Symptoms:
? burning, itching eyes, discharge, edema, pain, redness
? Treatment:
? - antibiotic, antiviral ointments; if allergy, treat allergy
? -use infection control measures
Some term:-
? 1-Myopia: nearsightedness
? Light focuses on front of retina
? Starts with children
? 2-Hypermyopia: farsightedness. Light focuses behind the retina
? 3-Astigmatism: hard to see small objects. Light rays distorted
? Preoperatively
? 1-Orient to room if bilateral eye patch, very important
? 2-Consent form
? 3-Expectations postoperatively
? 4-Eye drops
? 5-Report any S/S of infections
? Postoperatively
? 1-Safe environment
? 2-Apply the patient up 30-45 degrees
? 3-NO cough, lifting, stooping over, straining, laying on affected side
? 4-If nausea, get antiemetic order
? 5-Avoid constipation
? 6-Eye shield, esp. at night
? 7-Report any eye pain STAT
? 8-Report any bloody drainage
? 9-mild to moderate pain
? Mydriatics: dilate the pupil
? Cycloplegics: paralyze muscles of accommodation
? Both used in diagnostic eye procedures, eye surgery
? Anticholinergics: dilate the pupil; paralyze muscle of accommodation
? Relax ciliary & dilator muscles by blocking
? Cataract disease
? Opacity or clouding of lens
? Causes :Congenital, chemical, traumatic, mechanical, or degenerative
? Assessment:
? subjective cloudy vision, seeing spots or ghost images; floaters
? Gradual loss of vision
? Advanced: can see milky white lens
? Cataract treatment
? Extract lens, implant new one
? Outpatient status, go home 2-3 hrs. post op
? Mild sedative, local anesthesia
? Preop: mydriatic, cycloplegic
? Post op: avoid increasing IOP
? Do not drive car until released to do so
? Wear dark glasses
? Retinal detachment
? Separation of retina from choroid layer
? Collection of fluid between sensory and pigmented layer
? Causes: trauma, degenerative changes; secondary to other surgeries
? Myopic clients at more risk
? Assessment:
? 1-flashes of bright lights or floaters
? 2-Cloudy vision
? 3-No pain
? 4-May have sudden blindness
? Objective data
? Loss of peripheral vision
? Loss of acuity of vision
?
? Treatment
? Prompt medical attention needed
? Laser reattachment: adhesion formed
? Cryosurgery: cold used to adhere layers
? silicon implant used to band retina
? Pneumatic retionopexy: use air or gas to hold retina in place
? Glaucoma
? Abnormal pressure within the eyeball
? Damages cells of optic nerve by decreasing blood flow
? Most common form: primary open angle glaucoma
? Incidence increases over 40 years, family history
? Drainage of eye system blocked-trabecular
? Bilateral condition
? Acute angle-closure glaucoma
? Highest incidence in Asians, women over 40, nearsighted
? Unilateral
? Narrowed angle at the junction where iris meets cornea
? Iris protrudes into anterior chamber, occludes angle
? Loss of peripheral vision cardinal symptom
? Other complaints:
? blurred vision, halos around lights, complaints of “tired eyes”
? Glaucoma painless, untreated = blindness
? Diagnosis:
? 1-tonometry
? 2-Pupils should be dilated first
? Treatment:
? first line—opening aqueous flow
? Use miotics
? Constricts pupil, iris pulls away from drainage canal
? Diamox: decreases production of aqueous
? Timoptic: beta blocker, decreases production
? Steroids if inflammation
?
? Narrow angle glaucoma
? Avoid anticholinergics: Atropine
? Avoid antihistamines
? Eye examination
? Visual acuity
? Ophthalmoscopy
? Fundus photography/angiography
?
? Treatment
? Few specifics at this time
? Lasers for neovascularization
? Vitamin and mineral supplements
? New drugs
? Laser surgery: laser emits an intense concentrated ray of light
? create holes in tissue, seal layers of tissue
? Cryotherapy
? Use of frozen probe: retinal tear or cataract
? Enucleation
? Removal of entire eyeball
?
1
المادة المعروضة اعلاه هي مدخل الى المحاضرة المرفوعة بواسطة استاذ(ة) المادة . وقد تبدو لك غير متكاملة . حيث يضع استاذ المادة في بعض الاحيان فقط الجزء الاول من المحاضرة من اجل الاطلاع على ما ستقوم بتحميله لاحقا . في نظام التعليم الالكتروني نوفر هذه الخدمة لكي نبقيك على اطلاع حول محتوى الملف الذي ستقوم بتحميله .
الرجوع الى لوحة التحكم
|